Dissatisfaction with government services in arab spring. Arab spring definition and meaning collins english. This concept is used as an indication to a wide range of uprisings in the. It was nice to think the regions uprisings werent about the united states, or didnt have to. The possible outcome of the arab spring scenarios for the future i. The arab spring refers to the current crop of prodemocracy uprisings currently 2011 sweeping the middle east and north africa. The prodemocracy movement spreading across north africa and the middle east from 2010 to 2012. The balance of states, algeria, djibouti, jordan, kuwait, lebanon, mauritania, morocco, oman and saudi arabia, have experienced only minor changes, returning to or retaining a prearab spring.
However, the economic models chosen by the successive regimes were ineffective in. By the end of the 1950s, most arab countries had gained their independence. Voices of the arab spring is a unique account of the arab revolutions. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab spring 43 egypt, where arab spring lasted longer, is one of the largest countries in africa with its advantages such as its location, tourism revenues and logistics moaddel, 2012. From revolution to civil war 78 zones and does not tightly define civil war versus other intrastate conflict.
A simple dictionary definition of the term revolution reveals two related concepts. The arab spring began in tunisia, with the selfimmolation of a vegetable seller named mohammed bouazizi. Arab spring has been regarded as an arab phenomenon from the outset, explanations that are given of the arab spring have been ad hoc and are not representative of the entire arab world. This concept is used as an indication to a wide range of uprisings in the middle east and north africa mena region during the past two years. Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. Pdf the middle east and north africa mena have long been. Islamism, the arab spring, and the failure of americas donothing policy in the middle east. Authoritarianism and democratization in the arab w orld, rex brynen et al.
This article explores the economic underpinnings of the arab spring. But their purpose, relative success, and outcome remain hotly disputed in arab countries, among foreign observers, and between world powers looking to cash in on the changing map of the middle east. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. Development of conflict in arab spring libya and syria. One of the primary influences that have been highlighted in the analysis of the arab spring is the relative strength or weakness of a societys formal and informal institutions prior to the revolts.
The arab winter is a term for the resurgence of authoritarianism, absolute monarchies and islamic extremism evolving in the aftermath of the arab spring protests in arab countries. Arab spring definition is a series of antigovernment uprisings affecting arab countries of north africa and the middle east beginning in 2010. The arab spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of arab countries against longstanding, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on. Arab spring synonyms, arab spring pronunciation, arab spring translation, english dictionary definition of arab spring.
Arab spring definition, a series of uprisings in arab countries, beginning in tunisia in december 2010, in which protesters challenged the existing authoritarian regimes. The spring came in the form of civil wars, riots, violet act, non violent act, protest and demonstration. The spring is in contrast to the winter of oppression that many of these countries have experienced in the past. The movement began in tunisia in 2010, and thereafter it soon spread to other countries in north africa and the middle east. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. What recent events have demonstrated, he notes, is the collective assertion of selfdignity in the arab world after decades of. The arab spring was a loosely related group of protests that ultimately resulted in regime changes in countries such as tunisia, egypt and libya. Youth frustration and the arab spring 3 mohammed bouazizi, the young street vendor who set himself ablaze in public in late 2010, did not intend to start a revolution in tunisia. Arising in large part in reaction to economic stresses, societal changes, and entrenched corrupt and repressive rule, the arab spring began in tunisia in dec. Tunisia is not among the working definition of the facilitator of the mec. Arab spring definition of arab spring by merriamwebster.
The reasons and economic and political consequences of. Arab spring simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Arab spring is a political concept that spread widely in the media and academic art publications. Arab spring students britannica kids homework help. When the arab spring began, tunisia had an established infrastructure and a lower level of petty corruption than did other states, such as libya. Applying the framework of digital reflexivity to analyze gender and online activism. The concept, what it means and how to achieve it has been a major subject of discussion and contention since then.
The arab spring is a period of time in and around 2011 to 2012 during which people in the. Arab springaffected countries suffered even more due to the 2008 economic crisis. Included are the results of a bibliometric study that compared the frequency in which various descriptors appeared in major englishlanguage news sources. Later, similar rebellions followed in libya, bahrain, syria and yemen. Tunisia and the arab spring powerpoint, available in the carolina k12 database of k12 resources. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by. The arab spring was a wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa in 2010 and 2011. And their night will then begin to fade, and their chains break and fall. The arab spring was a failure because their goal was to make their countries a safer better place to live in but, so far the protests have only made their countries worse etc.
The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring. The tumultuous events that have swept through the middle east during the last year or so were widely referred to in the west as the arab spring. It also highlights the events of the civil uprisings which led to the removal of some rulers. Polyvocal, leaderless and using new styles of communication, the postarab spring voices do not seek power but seek to defy the state and push it to address the hitherto taboo topics such as. The arab spring of discontent einternational relations. Arab spring article about arab spring by the free dictionary. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. A year of revolution a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. Abstract this paper attempts to examine the causes of the arab uprisings in middle eastern states. Arab spring is the name of the antigoverment uprisings that occured in 2010 in the areas of north africa. The arab spring its impact on the region and on the middle east conference of the regime and within the regime, with the former comprising tunisia, egypt, and libya and the latter including jordan and saudi arabia. Popular protest in north africa and the middle east v international crisis group, 2011.
It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. The economics of the arab spring and its aftermath world bank. Commenting on this core feature of arab political life, the historian ilan pappe has referred to the arab spring as the second phase of decolonization. List of books and articles about arab spring online. We locate the roots of the regiosns longterm economic failure in a statist model of development that is financed through. Furthermore, it explores that tunis was one of the victims of arab spring which succeeded to. The media was awash with expectations of a secular democratic upheaval that was about to remove the dictators that had ruled much of.
Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. This essay analyzes the engagement of arab feminist activisms online, most notably. Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath. The term arab winter refers to the events across arab league countries in the mideast and north africa, including the syrian civil war, the iraqi insurgency and the following civil war, the egyptian crisis, the. The role of information communication technologies in the arab spring pdf. Causes, consequences, and implications if, one day, a people desire to live, then fate will answer their call.
Facts about arab spring tell you about the revolutionary wave of protest and demonstration in arab world. Parsing arab spring northwestern university in qatar. Arab spring provoked, particularly the role of the media new and otherwise in empowering and even causing the uprisings. It challenged some of the regions most authoritarian regimes. He certainly could not have foreseen that he would motivate the peoples of the arab world1 to seek social change in the collection of demonstrations. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. The arab spring was a series of prodemocracy uprisings that enveloped several largely muslim countries, including tunisia, morocco, syria. Arab spring definition of arab spring by the free dictionary. Understanding the arab spring nicola pratt, 24 november 2011 1. Local youths quickly protested out of sympathy, and the protests. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the. Tendency amongst commentators and some scholars to view arab spring as a result of globalization of democratic norms, new media technologies, educated and globalised and digitalsavvy youth as main agent of change. The arab spring was a series of antigovernment protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the middle east in early 2011. Instead of writing about these events from the perspective of those who create and implement policy, it is written by arab citizens themselves who up until these revolutions could not have their voices heard.
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